Topic 4 — Transnational Illiberal Networks

Working definition
Illiberal and authoritarian actors increasingly operate in transnational networks, referencing and legitimizing each other across borders. Through shared narratives, policy models, and symbolic support, they normalize democratic erosion and present illiberal governance as a viable alternative to liberal democracy.

These interactions blur the boundary between democratic and authoritarian systems and contribute to the stabilization of illiberal regimes.

Illiberalism spreads not only domestically, but across borders.

Definitions and Concepts in this Topic:
Mutual legitimation, Authoritarian learning, diffusion, transnational discourse

Where to look in the literature:

• Russia–Central Europe legitimation study (2025)
• Enyedi et al. (2025) editorial